CHARACTERISTICS AND ELEMENTS OF ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (AEC): A Summary
By: Suhardiyoto Haryadi
AEC envisages four key characteristics: a) a single market and production base, b) a highly competitive economic region, c) a region of equitable economic development, and d) a region fully integrated into the global economy.
A. Single Market and Production Base
Elements: i) free flow of goods, ii) free flow of services, iii) free flow of investment, iv) free flow of capital, and v) free flow of skilled labour.
1. Free flow of goods
To achieve free flow of goods ASEAN has implemented the existing and new initiatives, comprising:
ü ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)
ü The Common Effective Preferential Tariffs for ASEAN Free Trade Area (CEPT-AFTA) Agreement
ü Elimination of Tariffs
ü Elimination of Non-tariff Barriers
ü Rules of Origin (ROO)
ü Trade facilitation
ü Customs Integration
ü ASEAN Single Window
ü Standards and Technical Barriers to Trade
2. Free flow of services
ü Elimination of restriction to ASEAN services suppliers in providing services and in establishing companies across national borders subject to domestic regulations
ü Recognition of professional qualifications with a view to facilitate their movement within the region
ü Liberalisation measures of the financial services sector
3. Free flow of investment
ü To enhance ASEAN competitiveness in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) and intra-ASEAN investments
ü Framework Agreement on the ASEAN Investment Area (1998) and ASEAN Agreement for the Protection and Promotion of Investment (1997) or commonly referred to as ASEAN Investment Guarantee Agreement (IGA)
ü All industries shall be open and national treatment granted to investors both at the pre-establishment and post-establishment stages with some exemptions as listed in member countries’ Temporary Exclusion Lists (TEL) and Sensitive Lists (SL)
ü ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (ACIA) will be established and will cover some pillars: investment protection, facilitation and cooperation, promotion and awareness, and liberalisation.
4. Free flow of capital
ü Strengthening ASEAN capital market development and integration
ü Allowing greater capital mobility
5. Free flow of skilled labour
ü Allowing managed mobility or facilitated entry for he movement of persons engaged in trade in goods, services and investment
ü Harmonisation and standardisation with a view to facilitation of movement of skilled labour
6. Priority integration sectors
ü Focusing on the integration of limited numbers of priority sectors which serve as catalysts
ü Twelve priority integration sectors were identified
ü Raising the efficiency of these key sectors
7. Food, Agriculture and Forestry
ü Enhance intra- and extra-ASEAN trade and long-term competitiveness
ü Promote cooperation, joint approach and technology transfer
ü Promote ASEAN agricultural cooperatives
1. Competition Policy
To foster a culture of fair competition
2. Consumer Protection
The building of an integrated economic region will adopt a people-centered approach
3. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
ü A powerful stimulus to cultural, intellectual and artistic creativity and commercialisation, efficient adoption and adaptation of more advanced technologies, and continuous learning to meet the ever-rising threshold of performance expectations
ü To incubate a vibrant culture of creativity and invention, and to ensure more equitable access and benefits to all stakeholders in both traditional and newer IPR, can influence both the volume and quality of external trade and investment and the transfer of advanced, proprietary technologies
ü Regional cooperation are guided by the ASEAN IPR Action Plan 2004-2010 and the Work Plan for ASEAN Cooperation on Copyrights
4. Infrastructure Development
ü Transport cooperation
ü Transport facilitation and logistic services
ü Multi-modal transport and transport facilitation
ü Land transport: priority is given to the Singapore-Kunming Rail Link
ü Maritime and air transport: ASEAN Single Shipping Market and ASEAN Single Aviation Market
ü Information infrastructure: facilitate interconnectivity and technical interoperability among ICT systems, leveraging on existing national networks, improving trust and confidence in the use of the internet and security of electronic transactions, payments and settlements
ü Develop high-speed inter-connections among all national information infrastructures (NII)
ü Energy cooperation: secure and reliable supply of energy including bio-fuels, Trans ASEAN Gas Pipeline (TAGP) and ASEAN Power Grid (APG)
ü To ensure that AEC is sustainable through mitigating greenhouse gas emission
ü Mining cooperation: enhance trade and investment and strengthen cooperation and capacity in geological and mineral sectors
ü Financing of infrastructure projects: putting in place innovative financing schemes to attract greater private sector involvement
5. Taxation
ü Action: complete the network of bilateral agreements on avoidance of double taxation
6. E-Commerce Equitable economic development
ü Implementation of e-ASEAN Framework Agreement
C. Equitable Economic Development
1. SME Development
ü ASEAN Policy Blueprint for SME Development (APBSD) 2004-2014
2. Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI)
ü Address the development divide and accelerate the economic integration of the less developed ASEAN Member Countries
ü Narrow the development gap not only within ASEAN but between ASEAN and other parts of the world as well
ü Priority areas: infrastructure, human resource development, information and communications technologies (ICT), capacity building for regional economic integration, energy, investment climate, poverty reduction and improvement in the quality of life
ü Develop policy to enhance economic growth, strengthen economic competitiveness, increase domestic and foreign direct investments, expand private sector enterprises while meeting its public goals
D. Integration into the Global Economy
To look beyond the borders of AEC
1. Coherent Approach towards External Economic Relations
ü Maintaining “ASEAN Centrality” in its external economic relations
2. Enhance participation in global supply networks
ü Continuing the adoption of international best practices
ü Developing a comprehensive package of technical assistance for ASEAN less developed Member Countries
v Excerpted from the ASEAN Economic Community Blue Print 2008
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